Classical music
is normally used to describe a variety of western musical styles from the ninth
century to the present, especially the sixteenth and seventeenth to the
nineteenth. However the classical period falls between the Baroque and Romantic
periods. The texture is clearer than Baroque music and less complex. It is
mostly homophonic melody above the chordal accompaniment, but has no
counterpoint. The variety and contrast within a piece becomes more pronounced
than before. The melodies tended to be shorter than the ones that were seen in
the previous period the importance was given to instrumental music, the main
type were the sonata, trio, string quartet, symphony, concerto, serenade and
divertimiento. All though the sonata developed and became the most important
form, being used to build up the first movement of most large-scale works, as
well as single pieces.
Music History
Sunday, April 28, 2013
Saturday, April 27, 2013
Baroque Instruments
Strings
Violino piccolo
Violin
Viol
Viola
Viola d'amore
Viola pomposa
Tenor violin
Cello
Contrabass
Lute
Theorbo
Archlute
Angélique
Mandolin
Guitar
Harp
Hurdy gurdy
Woodwinds
Baroque flute
Chalumeau
Cortol (AKA Cortholt, Curtall, Oboe family)
Dulcian
Musette de cour
Baroque oboe
Rackett
Recorder
Bassoon
Brasses
Baroque trumpet
Cornett
Horn
Serpent
Sackbut
Keyboards
Clavichord
Tangent piano
Fortepiano – early
version of piano
Harpsichord
Organ
1680-1760
The line
that divides the middle and late Baroque is a matter open to debate. One is
that it could go from 1680 to 1720, because there was no on synchronized transition.
However the important time that the transition was evident was when the Baroque
music was fully absorbed that tonality was a principal structure.
Friday, April 26, 2013
1630-1680
The middle Baroque is separated from the early
Baroque, because of the systematic thinking to the new style and a gradual
institutionalization of the forms and norms, especially in Opera. This period
in the Baroque is defined by the emergence in the cantata oratorio, and opera
during the 1630s. The ways of the new concept of Baroque came from the melody
and harmony that elevated the status of the music to one of equality with the
words.
The florid, coloratura monody of the early
Baroque gave way to simpler, more polished melodic style that was usually in a
ternary rhythm. Those melodies were built from short, cadentially delimited
ideas that were often based on stylized dance patterns drawn from the sarabande
or the courante. The harmonies in those times were also simpler than in the
Early Baroque Period. These harmonic simplifications also led to a new formal
device of the differentiation of recitative and aria. The theory that was
supported in the time was identified by the increasingly harmonic focus of
musical practice and the creation of formal system of teaching.
Music was an art and it converted into one that
needed to be taught in an orderly manner. This however had no bearing at all on
the theoretical work of Johann Fux. He systematized the strict counterpoint
characteristics of earlier ages in his Gradus ad Paranassum.
Wednesday, April 24, 2013
1580-1630
The
transition from Renaissance to Baroque music began in 1580 by a group of poets,
musicians and humanists in Florence. This group rejected the idea based
their ideals on Classical, especially ancient Greek, that valued the discourse
and oration in their musical drama. As they
rejected the contemporary use of polyphony and focused on monody, they came to
the realization that these ideas marked the beginning of Opera. Those in turn
turned out to be somewhat of a catalyst for Baroque music. The musical theory that is seen widespread is
the use of the Figured Bass. It developed the importance of harmony as the
linear underpinnings of polyphony. Harmony was the end result of counterpoint. The
composers of the time began to concern themselves with harmonic progressions,
and also employed the triton that was seen as an unstable interval. It created
dissonance. In this period harmony was focused in tonality, not in modality as
was in the Renaissance. At the end it all lead to the idea that chords, rather
then notes could provide a sense of closure, it was one of the fundamental
ideas that became known as tonality.
Sunday, April 21, 2013
Baroque
Baroque
music began in the 1600 and went on until the mid-1700. In this period the
creation of tonality was witnesses and composers as well as performers used
more elaborate musical ornamentation. They also made changes in the musical
notation and developed new instrumental playing techniques. The baroque music
expanded the size, range, and complexity of instrumental performances, and also
established opera, cantata, oratorio, concerto, and sonata as musical genres. Many
of the musical terms and concepts of those days are seen in modern life.
Friday, April 19, 2013
Renaissance Intruments
Instruments
of the Renaissance
Brass
Brass
Slide
Trumpet
Cornett
Trumpet
Sackbut
Strings
Viol
Lyre
Irish
Harp
Hurdy
Gurdy
Cittern
Lute
Harpsichord
Virginal
Percussion
Tambourine
Jew’s
Harp
·
Woodwinds
o
Shawn
o
Reed
Pipe
o
Hornpipe
o
Bagpipe
o
Panpipe
o
Transverse
Flute
o
Recorder
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